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如何提升篮球专项体能?(篮球专项体能提升指南)

作者:aiyouxi    发布时间:2026-01-17

Creating a basketball conditioning plan

The user is asking how to improve basketball-specific conditioning. I’ll provide a structured plan covering energy systems, drills, periodization, and testing, ensuring it’s clear and actionable. Although they might want specifics for positions and age, I’ll default to an adult audience.

I plan to include baseline tests, various drills, and a weekly template for 3-5 days, along with injury prevention strategies. It’ll be crucial to use simple language, especially considering the Chinese context. A sample 8-week progression might be useful.Structuring the response

I need to keep things concise while providing enough detail, so I’ll aim for 4-6 bullet points for each section. I'll use bold headers to help organize the information clearly but avoid heavy formatting. Including simple text with bullets works best; code formatting isn't necessary here.

It’s important not to overwhelm with questions, but I can consider optional clarifying questions at the end. My plan is to provide a sample weekly plan, key drills, test metrics, and targets for clarity.Creating a conditioning plan

I’m crafting a conditioning plan focusing on several key principles. Specificity will emphasize repeat sprint ability, alactic power, lactic tolerance, and an aerobic base. I’ll also include tests for baseline measurements like sprint times and agility drills.

For warm-ups, I’ll use the RAMP method, which includes raising, activating, mobilizing, and potentiating with a dynamic sequence lasting 8-12 minutes.

Strength training will be 2-3 times a week, incorporating big lifts and core stability. I’ll also cover plyometrics, speed/agility drills, and energy system conditioning for both off-season and in-season maintenance.Designing a comprehensive training program

be

I’m putting together a plan including both drills with and without the ball, like shuttle runs and small-sided games for high-intensity interval training (HIIT). I’ll emphasize heart rate zones and work-to-rest ratios tailored for different energy systems.

Position-specific training for guards vs. bigs will be simplified for clarity. I’ll also provide a weekly template for four training days focused on strength, aerobic work, plyometrics, and skills under fatigue.

In-season adjustments will include reducing volume while maintaining intensity, and recovery strategies will focus on nutrition, cooldowns, and injury management. I'll include common mistakes to avoid and a sample four-week progression, all in concise phrasing for clarity.

下面给你一套可直接落地的篮球专项体能路线:覆盖力量、速度/灵敏、跳跃与着地、变向与对抗、专项耐力与恢复。先做2-3周适应,再逐步加强。

原则

  • 篮球专项=短时间高强度反复冲刺+频繁变向/急停+对抗与起跳,训练要紧贴这些动作与能量供能(ATP-PC主导,兼顾乳酸耐受与有氧恢复)。
  • 先技术质量再强度体量;先力量与落地再大体量弹跳与冲刺。
  • 赛季外发展,赛季内维持:强度不降,体量降40-60%。

热身(8-12分钟,RAMP)

impro

  • 提升体温:慢跑/跳绳2分钟 → 高抬腿/后踢/侧滑步
  • 激活/灵活:臀桥、蚌式、弓步扭转、髋屈伸/踝背屈
  • 赛前触发:3×20米加速跑、3×5次贴地弹跳(pogo)、2×上篮全速

力量与对抗(每周2-3次,非连续日)

  • 下肢主力:深蹲/陷阱杆硬拉/推雪橇 3-5组×3-5次(重),分腿蹲/后脚抬高蹲 3-4组×6-8次
  • 后链与减速:罗马尼亚硬拉/腘绳弯举 3-4×6-10;下台阶离心 3×5/腿
  • 踝-膝稳态:提踵(直膝/屈膝)3×12-20、胫骨前肌提拉 3×12-20、Nordic/靠墙等长蹲 3×30-45秒
  • 上肢与核心(对抗/持球稳定):俯卧撑/卧推、引体向上、推肩;核心反旋/反伸(Pallof press、死虫、农夫行走)
  • 进阶到力量-速度:轻负荷(30-60%1RM)深蹲跳、药球抛

弹跳与落地(每周2次,先广泛后强化;非连续日)

  • 技术先行:双/单脚落地,膝外展控制,胸骨抬起
  • 广泛弹跳:pogo、线上小跳、侧向小跳、跨步跳,每次60-100次触地总量
  • 强化弹跳:箱跳上/下、深度跳、助跑起跳 20-60次触地总量;与上肢/髋部力量交替安排

速度/灵敏与变向(每周2次,搭配上面模块)

  • 加速/最高速:10-20米全力冲 6-10趟,休息60-90秒;20-30米 4-6趟
  • 变向/急停:5-10-5、T-Test、关门步+补防,4-6组;强调先减速再出步
  • 防守滑步间歇:边线到边线滑步15秒/休15秒 ×8-12
  • 反应决策:教练手势/语音变向、两球颜色反应、2v2/3v3小场对抗(高心率、真实节奏)

专项耐力(重复冲刺能力,每周1-2次)

  • 无球RSA:10×30米(或15×20米)全力,组间休20-30秒,做2-3组,组间休3-4分钟
  • 有球:全场带球冲刺上篮,10-12趟/组×2组;半场“自杀跑”(罚球线/中线/对罚球线/底线)1-2组
  • 间歇回合模拟:15秒高强度攻防/45秒走动恢复 ×10-15
  • 有氧恢复(非比赛周):技术带球节奏跑10-20分钟,鼻吸口呼,心率60-70%HRmax

每周样例(赛季外,4天)

  • D1 力量(下肢重)+ 加速10-20米 + 轻量广泛弹跳
  • D2 变向与防守滑步 + 有球RSA + 上肢/核心
  • D3 休/恢复(灵活/滚泡沫/轻技术)
  • D4 力量-速度(中等负荷+药球)+ 强化弹跳 + 反应灵敏
  • D5 小场对抗(2v2/3v3,短回合多组)+ 投篮在疲劳下
  • D6-7 休/主动恢复

赛季内微量维持(每周2-3次,30-45分钟)

  • 比赛-2天:力量全身 3×3-5(主项),弹跳触地≤40,短加速
  • 比赛前一天:技术+投篮+轻灵敏(不酸不累)
  • 比赛后一天:15-25分钟低强度恢复+灵活+等长练习(跟腱/髌腱友好)

测试与目标(每4-6周复测)

  • 3/4场冲刺:≥4.0秒优秀(高校/半职业);个人基线优先
  • 5-10-5或T-Test:时间下降=变向提升
  • CMJ/助跑摸高:高度↑且落地稳定
  • Yo-Yo IR1:层级提升,或RSA最后几趟掉速<5%

常见错误

  • 大体量跑圈/慢跑代替专项(不等效);
  • 只跳不练落地与后链,膝/跟腱风险高;
  • 全年高乳酸课表,速度与技术质量被吞噬;
  • 恢复、睡眠、碳水不足,训练效果打折。

简单4周进阶(核心指标)

  • 周1-2:学习期,力量中等(RPE7),广泛弹跳,RSA 2组即可
  • 周3:强度↑(RPE8),强化弹跳触地+20-30%,RSA到3组
  • 周4:减量40-50%,保留强度,复测与技术巩固

恢复与营养

  • 睡眠7.5-9小时;比赛/高强度日前一晚优先
  • 每日蛋白1.6-2.2 g/kg;训练前后补碳水(1-1.5 g/kg/小时内)
  • 小腿腱/髌腱:等长保持30-45秒×4-5组,疼痛管理友好
  • 训练后5-10分钟低强度+髋踝胸椎灵活拉伸

想更贴近你的情况,我可以按你的位置、身高体重、现有一周训练/比赛节奏和场地器械条件,给你做一版具体到组次与配速的7天计划。

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